Switzerland now officially demands all government software to be open source. The country has created legislation that authorizes all government entities to use open source software (OSS) in the public sector.
The order also requires all public bodies to disclose the source code of software developed by or for them, unless third-party rights or security concerns prevent it.
Should more countries, especially African countries like Ghana, adopt the same approach?
For most African nations, where resources are often limited and the need for robust, adaptable technology high, the case for OSS is particularly compelling.
Here’s why Ghana and other African governments should consider incorporating open source software into their operations.
The argument for OSS
In the past, Ghana has tried to implement software in the public sector for citizens to make operations more efficient. Ghana.Gov seems to be the best case study so far.
But in the past, other initiatives have not fared so well. The Registered Companies Office (formerly the General Registry Department) has failed to launch its online registration system, despite saying it would have a new system up and running in the 1st quarter of 2024.
Although launched with much fanfare, 62% of public bodies do not use the current Digital Address System.
Cost-Effectiveness
One of the most compelling arguments for OSS is its cost effectiveness. Governments can save significant licensing fees associated with proprietary software.
One of the largest cities in France was saved 1 million euros per year with relocation of all his workstations in open source software, especially using LibreOffice instead the Microsoft office.
Open source alternatives offer comparable functionality without the recurring costs, which is critical for African nations that need to optimize their budgets.
A community of developers can identify and fix vulnerabilities quickly, while proprietary software relies on vendor timelines and transparency.
Flexibility and Customization
OSS is inherently flexible, allowing governments to tailor solutions to their specific needs. This adaptability is crucial for African countries with unique challenges and requirements that may not be adequately addressed by off-the-shelf software.
The Brazilian government adoption of open source software; it allowed them to adapt systems for public administration, improving efficiency and reducing dependence on foreign software suppliers.
Promoting the local technology industry
Adoption of OSS can stimulate the local technology sector by encouraging the development of local know-how and business. This, in turn, can lead to job creation and a more vibrant economy, boosting innovation in the country.
Another issue is the integration of OSS with existing government systems. Compatibility issues may arise, requiring additional resources to ensure smooth operation on different platforms.
Avoid vendor lock-in
Proprietary software often leads to vendor lock-in, where a government depends on a single vendor. OSS mitigates this risk by providing the freedom to change vendors or support services without losing access to critical software or data.
Reinforcement of Security
With OSS, the source code is open for inspection, which can lead to more secure software. A community of developers can identify and fix vulnerabilities quickly, while proprietary software relies on vendor timelines and transparency.
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Studies show that the Linux operating system, a popular open source operating system, had significantly fewer security vulnerabilities than proprietary systems such as Windows.
Challenges
Of course, OSS is not infallible. While open source allows more eyes to spot vulnerabilities, it also requires active and ongoing management to patch those vulnerabilities.
Another challenge is legal and compliance issues. Governments must navigate the legal landscape of open source licenses, which can vary widely and may impose certain obligations on users. Ensuring compliance with these licenses can be a complex task.
Another issue is the integration of OSS with existing government systems. Compatibility issues may arise, requiring additional resources to ensure smooth operation on different platforms.
conclusion
For Ghana and other African governments, the adoption of open source software offers a path to more efficient, transparent and inclusive governance. It aligns with the broader goals of sustainable development and digital sovereignty, empowering nations to take control of their digital future.
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